Washers

          1 Flat Washers:

• 1. • Description: The most common type, flat washers are circular and flat with a central hole.
     • Uses: Distribute the load evenly across the surface of the fastened material, preventing damage and reducing the likelihood of the fastener loosening due to vibrations.

  2. Spring Washers:

     • Description: Also known as split washers, these have a split in the ring, creating a slight helix shape.
     • Uses: Provide a locking mechanism to prevent nuts and bolts from turning, slipping, or coming loose due to vibrations.

  3. Lock Washers:

     • Description: Designed to prevent fasteners from loosening, lock washers come in various designs such as star (internal or external tooth) and wave washers.
     • Uses: Often used in applications with high levels of vibration or motion.

  4. Fender Washers:

     • Description: Have a larger outer diameter compared to standard flat washers.
     • Uses: Distribute the load over a larger area, useful for preventing pull-through and for use with thin materials.

  5. Shoulder Washers:

     • Description: Feature a raised edge or shoulder around the hole.
     • Uses: Provide insulation or act as a spacer in electrical applications.

  6. Sealing Washers:

     • Description: Typically have a rubber or neoprene insert.
     • Uses: Create a watertight or airtight seal around the fastener.

  7. Countersunk Washers:

     • Description: Designed to fit screws with countersunk heads.
     • Uses: Allow the screw head to sit flush with or below the surface of the material.